A US judge has blocked the Trump administration from revoking Harvard University's ability to enroll international students, a move that ratcheted up White House efforts to conform practices in academia to President Donald Trump's policies.

US District Judge Allison Burroughs' order provides temporary relief to the thousands of international students who were faced with being forced to transfer under a policy that the Ivy League school called part of the administration's broader effort to retaliate against it for refusing to "surrender its academic independence."

The Trump administration may appeal Judge Burroughs' ruling.

Spokespeople for the Justice Department and the Department of Homeland Security did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

In a lawsuit filed in Boston federal court earlier, Harvard called the revocation a "blatant violation" of the US Constitution and other federal laws, and had an "immediate and devastating effect" on the university and more than 7,000 visa holders.

"Without its international students, Harvard is not Harvard," the 389-year-old school said in the lawsuit filed in Boston federal court.

Harvard enrolled nearly 6,800 international students in its current school year, equal to 27% of total enrollment.

The termination of Harvard's Student and Exchange Visitor Program certification, effective with the 2025-2026 academic year, was announced yesterday by Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem.

In her brief order blocking the policy for two weeks, Judge Burroughs said Harvard had shown it could be harmed before there was an opportunity to hear the case in full.

The judge, an appointee of Democratic President Barack Obama, scheduled hearings for 27 and 29 May to consider next steps in the case.

Mr Trump's pressure on Harvard is part of the Republican's broader campaign to compel universities, law firms, news media, courts and other institutions that value independence from partisan politics to align with his agenda.

The campaign has included efforts to deport international students who participated in pro-Palestinian protests but committed no crimes, retaliate against law firms that employ lawyers who have challenged Mr Trump, and a suggestion by him to impeach a judge for an immigration ruling the president did not like.

Harvard, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has pushed back hard against Mr Trump, having previously sued to restore some $3 billion in federal grants that had been frozen or canceled.

Some institutions have made concessions to Mr Trump.

Columbia University agreed to reform disciplinary processes and review curricula for courses on the Middle East, after Mr Trump pulled $400 million in funding over allegations the Ivy League school had not done enough to combat antisemitism.

In a statement before Judge Burroughs' ruling, White House spokesperson Abigail Jackson dismissed the lawsuit.

"If only Harvard cared this much about ending the scourge of anti-American, anti-Semitic, pro-terrorist agitators on their campus they wouldn't be in this situation to begin with," she said.

"Harvard should spend their time and resources on creating a safe campus environment instead of filing frivolous lawsuits," she added.

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